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Arthur Penn's revolutionary direction changed American cinema through films like 'Bonnie and Clyde' and 'The Miracle Worker' where his willingness to show violence and explore complex characters challenged Hollywood conventions. His background in television and theater brought new realism to genre filmmaking while his collaboration with actors created some of the most memorable performances of the 1960s and 70s. The director's influence on New Hollywood established him as one of the most important and innovative filmmakers of his generation.